Turbine slideshare. High speed Balancing Tunnel - OBT 2.

Turbine slideshare 1 38. Types of wind turbine 1. High pressure steam at boiler pressure enters the nozzle and expands to law back pressure (condenser pressure) in the nozzle. History of Gas Turbines • 1791- In this year the first patent for gas turbine was proposed by John Barber of United Kingdom. • Vortex's innovation comes from its unusual shape, where a fiberglass and carbon fiber mast oscillates 7. The mechanical energy developed by the turbines is used in running an electric generator, which is directly connected, to the shaft of the electrical generator. Following are the fields Turbines - Download as a PDF or view online for free. The tip-speed ratio: It is referred to the ratio between the wind speed and the speed of the tips of the wind turbine blades. There is no hydraulic function to perform. Common types of turbines include water turbines like the Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines, steam turbines used in power plants, gas turbines that power aircraft and generators, Dokumen ini membahas tentang jenis-jenis turbin berdasarkan fluida kerjanya, yaitu turbin angin, uap, air, dan gas. 8 4 outlet press from hp cylinder kg/cm2 38. High efficiency, since the blades always move perpendicularly to the wind, receiving power through the whole rotation. It does this using a gaseous working fluid. 30 Condensing Turbine Operate with an exhaust pressure less than atmospheric (vacuum pressure) Experiences the maximum pressure drop through the turbine which results in greater energy extracted from each lbm of steam input Turbine efficiencies approx. 77 MW each. 116805771-Gas-Turbine. • In today’s use, Francis turbines are the most common water turbine. Modern turbines rely on principles of aerodynamics, where the air flow pushes the blades attached to an axle causing them to turn. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid (air) to drive A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay 5 Lect-20 Axial flow turbines • Turbines can be either axial, radial or mixed. Water passes through the penstock 3. For Kaplan Turbine, the shaft of the turbine is vertical. Steam turbine rotors: HP,IP,LP & drive turbines 3. 2 kg/cm2 Bulb turbine - Download as a PDF or view online for free SELECTION OF VERTICAL TURBINE PUMP:- Data for selecting vertical turbine pump:- 1. Francis Turbine, Kaplan Turbine. This jet of steam impinges on the moving vanes or blades, mounted on a shaft. It is largely used in dam and large power plants. A simple gas turbine consists of an air compressor combustion chamber and a turbine. More vibration & unconventional look. The document provides an overview of wind energy and wind turbine technology. It may drive aIt may drive a generator, pump, or propellergenerator, pump, or propeller or, inor, in the case of a purethe 15. Reaction turbines. A gas turbine is a machine delivering mechanical power or thrust. the greater the pressure of air, the better the fuel air mixture burns. WORKING - • In traditional gearbox-operated wind turbines, the blades spin a shaft that is connected through a gearbox to the generator. Constructing turbines as “sideways water wheels,” Francis was able to achieve an astounding 88 percent efficiency rate. Therefore the gas turbine unit has a low thermal efficiency. REACTION TURBINE In reaction turbine, water at the inlet of the turbine possesses kinetic energy as well as pressure energy. wind turbine, wind mills, wind pumps • Wind turbine: A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power. Savonius wind turbine The Savonius rotor is an extremely simple vertical-axis device that works entirely because of the thrust force of wind. e. The lower end of the shaft is made larger and is called ‘Hub’ or ‘Boss’. 1. Steam turbines are commonly used for power generation and transport. It resembles a "squirrel cage" blower. 3 6 enthalpy of inlet steam kcal/kg 814. The wind power curve indicates how much power a wind turbine should produce at any given wind speed. It then focuses on jet engines, describing the materials used to manufacture different parts like titanium for the intake fan and turbine blades. Modern Francis Turbine is a 4. 3-82 VS, SWT-2. 2)Turboprop Engines- A turboprop engine is a type of turbine engine which drives an external aircraft propeller using a reduction gear. gas turbine combustion chamber: in the combustion chamber, the compressed air combines with fuel and the resulting mixture is burnt. They are also used in the marine industry to reduce weight. 9 5 outlet temp from hp cylinder temp 334. Keith Vaugh Follow. It works by using the natural vortex shedding effect that occurs when wind flows past a bluff body, causing alternating 3. The major components discussed include the compressor, combustors, turbine section, casings, bearings, and This document provides an overview of gas turbine fundamentals and components. Vibrating reed tachometer apparently was misread during test. Read less The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. B. A modern thermal power station is 2. A working fluid is injected from the outer circumference and passes over the discs. The Pelton turbine uses high-pressure jets of water to drive buckets on a wheel and is 2. francis turbine the main parts: penstock---- it is a large size conduit which conveys water from upstream of the dam/ reservoir to the turbine runner. It then discusses the basic components and design of Hydraulic (Water) Turbines Basic working principle: Hydraulic turbines convert the potential energy of water into mechanical work. E. High speed Balancing Tunnel - OBT 2. The key components of a vacuum system include the condenser, cooling water system, ejectors or vacuum pumps, and gland sealing system. Similar to single blade HAWT. The most important portion of this turbine is its runner which contains large number closely attached complex shaped blades When water hit the blades radially it exerts pressure on both sides of the blades but due to the curve on the blade the force on one side of the blades remains higher The document discusses the key parts of a gas turbine engine including the inlet, compressor, turbine, burner, and nozzle. • Waktu Pemanasan : Begitu turbin dibawa sampai nilai kecepatannya dengan menjalankan motor dan menyulut bahan bakar, turbin gas sangat cepat dari awalnya dingin sampai beban penuh tanpa waktu pemanasan. Vacuum Balancing Tunnel - NBT OBT was commissioned in 1976 NBT was commissioned in 1983 with DH9 Pedestals. Useful work or propulsive thrustUseful work or propulsive thrust can be obtained from a gas-turbine engine. INTRODUCTION • Wind power has become a useful source of energy over the past few decades as larger, more efficient turbine designs have produced ever-increasing amounts of power. These meters are an ideal solution when high accuracy, compact size and fast response are critical requirements. 5 decades the aero gas turbine engine technology has grown tremendously in terms of engine Over all pressure, Turbine entry temperature and Thrust / difference between pelton,kaplan,francis parameters pelton turbine kaplan turbine francis turbine type of turbine impulse type propeller typpe inward flow reaction type power genration [mw] 400 200 800 speed rate[rpm] 65 - 800 1. Sistem Bearing dan Lubrikasi Sama dengan turbin uap, turbin gas menggunakan dua tipe bearing wajib yaitu journal bearing dan thrust bearing. In future it is possible to construct efficiencies in and around 45%. • It is also more practical, reliable and cost effective has the best longevity and durability features. The key parts of a Pelton turbine discussed include the penstock, runner, casing, spear rod, deflector, nozzle, and brake nozzle. Horizontal axis turbinesadvantagesVariable blade pitch, which gives the turbine blades the optimum angle of attackThe tall tower base allows access to stronger wind in sites with wind shear. One fatality. • 5. It has several main components: blades mounted on a rotor, a nozzle that accelerates the water into a jet, and a casing that contains the Working Principle Of Kaplan Turbine The working head of water is low so large flow rates are allowed in the Kaplan Turbine. • 1904- In this year the gas turbine project was done unsuccessfully by Franz Stolze in Berlin. Twenty-two of the “Francis VLH turbine • The VLH turbine is an open flow, very low head “Kaplan" turbine slanted at an angle to the water flow. Capacity of pump, l/s 6. Multiple nozzles are usually used where a large wheel isn't feasible. There are 10. Shrouds creates a funnel effect in the wind turbine. Turbine and gear completely destroyed. Turbin adalah mesin berputar yang mengambil energi dari aliran fluida. D) Research Scholar, CEG, Anna University, Chennai. Sedangkan thrust bearing bertugas untuk menahan beban aksial yang muncul pada komponen-komponen turbin 3. At low and Triveni Turbine Limited (TTL ) is a leading original equipment manufacturer of steam turbines The Company was originally incorporated on June 27, 1995 Later the name of the Company was changed to Triveni Retail Ventures Limited on January 19, 2007 On 2010 it became a joint venture company with General Electrics. Water turbines are generally placed into two main categories: 1. 94 534600880 Output Steam 566369 732. This is a reaction turbine which works because of inward flow of water. PELTON TURBINE This turbine is named after Lester A. 5. – The Generator is attached at one end to the wind turbine, which provides the 3/2/2021 Manohar Tatwawadi 27 Turbine Cycle Heat Rate Heat Rate = Total Heat Supplied to Turbine in Kcal Total Geneation in Kwh Q1(I1-IWE) + Q(I3-I4) W Q1= Live steam flow 652000kg/hr I1 – Enthalpy of Live Steam 819. Principles of operation •The power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to rotate. A steam turbine is used in Electric power generation in thermal power Characteristics Curves of Turbines These are curves which are characteristic of a particular turbine which helps in studying the performance of the turbine under various conditions. It is an Inward Flow Reaction Turbine having Radial Discharge at Outlet. The force due to change of momentum causes the rotation of the turbine shaft. Material selection is critical due to the extremely high operating temperatures, with titanium and nickel alloys currently used. Impulse turbines- The impulse generated by changing the direction of flow of high velocity fluid or gas jet is used to spin the turbine. 99 415142813 Heat given to HP Turbine 119458067 IP Turbine 20. The document also discusses methods of compounding turbines to reduce rotor speed, including velocity, pressure, and pressure-velocity compounding. Depth of well, m 2. It then summarizes the components and operation of a GE 9001E gas turbine, including descriptions of the compressor In impulse turbine only kinetic energy is used to rotate the turbine. 1. Low Vacuum Trip 3. The mechanical power generated can be used by, for example, an industrial device. Dimension of well pit, m 4. The running speed of gas turbine is in the range of (20,000 to 80,000 rpm) and the operating temperature is as high as 1100 – 12600C. • Vortex Bladeless is an alternative and The Francis turbine is the most commonly used water turbine today. Francis in Lowell, Massachusetts, (Mill City USA) Operate in a water head from 10 to 650 meters (33 to 2,133 feet) and are primarily used for electrical power production The turbine powered generator power output generally ranges from 10 to 750 megawatts, Penstock (input pipes) diameters 1. W. 3. Impulse turbines use nozzles to impart velocity on steam, while reaction turbines rely on expansion within buckets. hp cylinder efficiency kwu turbine 210 mw s. 7. Pelton an American Engineer who developed it in the year 1880. Constant head curves: Maintaining a constant head, the speed of the turbine is varied by admitting different rates of flow by adjusting the percentage of gate opening. Reaction turbines like Francis and Kaplan turbines use both the pressure and velocity of water. 73 819. governor It regulates the speed of the Turbine It operates a built in valve in the steam inlet line It is either Mechanical or Hydraulic In Mechanical type, the fly weights open out or close in, which inturn opens or shuts the steam inlet vlave thereby increasing or decreasing the speed respectively In Hydraulic type, the oil pump pressure increases or decreases raising or 8. 7 3 inlet temp to hp cylinder deg c 535 537. A rotor with an even number of blades will give stability problems for a machine with a stiff structure. It is used to guide the wind flow and direct it towards the blade in a closed environment thus eliminating cross winds and more force on the blade. A gas turbine uses a gaseous working fluid that is compressed in a compressor, heated in a combustion chamber, and expanded through a turbine to produce mechanical power. Working Princple of Turbine Flow Meter The AC Pump will be activated by:- •Turbine start •Switched on by bearing within 40 DegC of alarm point (100 DegC WNG 125 DegC SDN for all journal & thrust bearings). As wind passes through rotor blades, lift and drag forces cause them to spin, transferring mechanical energy to the 1. 3 pmst press at ms turbine inlet 132. ) Turbine drive generator operating speed range normally from 95%-107% Start up reference speed is 100. the torque- speed curve is steep. TURBINE OPERATING ENVIRONMENT • Turbine blades (especially the HP Stages) are subjected to very high speeds and temperatures • Blades are thermally loaded in cycles of operation. , at 120MW and 110MW. As the wind blowing into the structure meets with two dissimilar surfaces-one convex and the 6. It is also used to evaluate the performance of steam turbine. Joseph’s 22. Steam turbines can be classified based on exhaust conditions, stage design, steam flow patterns, and number of stages. 12. Impulse turbines. Specific types covered include Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. When a Fluid Flows through the Turbine , Part o e rgy Content is Continuously 2 CONTENT 1] DEFINATION OF HYDRAULIC TURBINE 2] CLASIFICATION 3] TYPES 3. It describes the Pelton turbine as an impulse type water turbine invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. 39 1985 <5000 hp This type of turbine, while very different from the classical horizontal axis turbine commonly used in the wind energy field, presents advantages in the context of hydro kinetic energy harvesting, such as independence from current direction, including reversibility, stacking, and self-starting without complex pitch mechanisms. Penstock-It is a large size conduit which conveys water from upstream to the dam/reservoir to the turbine runner spiral casing- It constitutes a closed passage whose cross section area gradually decrease along flow – Typically wind turbines generate electricity through asynchronous machines that are directly connected with the electricity grid. Power Wind turbine blades rotate at 15-20 rpm generating electricity Providing power to the national grid-----powering local homes and businesses A wind turbine uses less than 1 acre of land 1 substation 1 crane pad The land can still be farmed right 16. • SCALE JET ENGINES- Also known as 1. The Tesla Turbine The Tesla Turbine is a relatively simple device, given the fact that it is capable of achieving very high speeds, upwards of 35,000 RPM. It covers the design considerations for turbine blades including geometry, cooling vanes, and attachment interfaces. Ingle Department of 05/08/19 Manohar Tatwawadi 26 Heat given to Turbine Cylinders HP Turbine Flow Enthalpy Heat kcal Input Steam 652000 819. spiral/ scroll casing----- it constituites a closed passase whose cross sectional area gradually decreases along the flow direction, area is maximum at inlet and nearly zero at exit casing is spiral shape, so that the 6. • The Vortex Bladeless device is type of Unconventional Wind Turbine which deliberately maximizes vortex shedding, converting wind energy to fluttering of a light-weight vertical pole, then captures that energy with a generator at the bottom of the pole. It was invented in the 1800s by James Francis who was able to redesign an earlier Boyden turbine to achieve 88% efficiency compared to the earlier 12. ABSTRACT The purpose of present project is to study of steam turbines and turbine losses in thermal power plant i. COMPONENTS OF A PELTON TURBINE Runner with Buckets • The runner of a Pelton turbine consists of a number of double cupped buckets fixed to the periphery of the wheel. GAS TURBINE The Thermal efficiency of the gas turbine is 20 to 30% compared with the modern steam power plant 38 to 40%. Types of Rotors being Balanced 1. GAS TURBINE POWER PLANTS – ADVANTAGES Compared to Steam-Turbine and Diesel Propulsion Systems, Gas Turbine offers : • Greater Power for a given size and weight, • High Reliability, • Long Life, • More Convenient Operation. Turbine oversped during uncoupled overspeed trip test. Journal bearing adalah bearing yang berfungsi untuk menahan beban berat dari seluruh komponen turbin gas. • Francis turbine is a mixed flow type as water enters the runner radially at its outer periphery and leaves axially at its centre. It is simple and the only hydraulic turbine ,which operates efficiently and is invariably used for heads in excess of 450m . Turbine - Download as a PDF or view online for free Characterization of Secondary Air Circuits in a Gas Turbine Engine In Collaboration with 29/03/2019 Valerio Lanata. Condensing turbines exhaust steam to a condenser, while back pressure turbines maintain a higher exhaust pressure. A rotor with an odd number of rotor blades (and at least three blades) can be considered. • that the fixed-speed turbine actually has a small variation in generator speed, so that large variations in wind speed result in small variations in generator speed and large variations in torque / power i. The running speed of gas turbine is in the range of (40,000 to 100,000 rpm) and the operating temperature is as high as 1100 – 12600C. Turbo-generator rotors upto 130MW 2. Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, St. Tesla’s turbine however side steps friction and instead uses adhesion to power itself. 3] Francis turbine 4] DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PELTON , It includes an introduction defining turbines as devices that convert the kinetic, potential, or intermolecular energy of a fluid into mechanical energy of a rotating member. This is a completely editable PowerPoint presentation and is available for immediate download. TURBINE GOVERNING SYSTEM 7 Protection System Hydraulic Protection (Trip): The protection system has been designed to protect Turboset from any mishaps by the fast closing of Stop and Control Valves and thus tripping the set. 3% A steam turbine works by transforming the potential energy of steam into kinetic energy and then into rotational mechanical energy. Francis turbine Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Thrust Bearing Trip 4. • The Kaplan is of the propeller type, similar to an airplane propeller. Impulse turbines expand steam fully in nozzles before it hits moving blades, while reaction turbines feature continuous expansion over fixed and moving blades. PELTON WHEEL TURBINE • A pelton wheel is a free jet impulse turbine named after the American engineer Lester Pelton (1829-1908) . Thus the water through runner is under pressure and the runner is completely enclosed in an air-tight casing. Smooth running and good performance are the other common features of this unit. B. 38 1984 <5000 hp Cent. - Key dimensions include the diameters and widths at the inlet and outlet, as well as the rotational speed. The working principle of a gas turbine also known as ‘ Internal Combustion Turbine ’ is similar to a steam turbine, but its working fluid is the products of combustion of fuel with air instead of steam. 1 Turbo machines basics These two types of machines are governed by the same basic relationships including Newton's second Law of Motion and Euler’s impulse momentum equation . • All three of these factors can lead to blade failures, potentially destroying the engine, therefore turbine blades 3. • The power grid operates at a "fixed frequency", so, coupling a fixed-speed turbine to the grid is straightforward. Gas turbine rotors (Low speed Balancing Presenting this set of slides with name wind turbine for power production icon ppt powerpoint presentation file skills pdf. 2 / GE / February 11, 2010 • Maintenance costs and equipment’s availability are two of the most important parameters for the productivity and profit of a production Plant. 2] Kaplan turbine 3. Y. 8. •The steam from the boiler is expanded in a nozzle, resulting in the emission of a high velocity jet. This bladeless turbine is up to 95% efficient when using steam as the fuel, far exceeding any competition in its time. Factors Affecting Gas Turbine Performance Since the gas turbine is an air-breathing engine, its performance is changed by anything that affects the density and / or mass flow of the air intake to the compressor Ambient Air Temperature Site Elevation / Atmospheric Pressure Humidity Inlet and Exhaust Losses Fuels Turbine Cooling ( . Steam turbine presentation - Download as a PDF or view online for free 3. It describes turbines that use steam, water, and gas as the working fluid. It has a large diameter >3. •Shaft Rotation. disadvantagesTall towers and blades up to 90 5. Ministry of Electricity - EgyptGas Turbine Notes 6 | P a g e M a h m o u d E l n a g g a r The 19 power units will be converted to mechanical power again on the turbine rotor, and due to losses this mechanical power will be less than 19 let's say 17 according to the turbine section efficiency (about 90%), the compressor will take the required 10 power units and the 11. Air breathing engines use ambient air 14. TSR ( ) = Tip speed of blades / wind speed = Lambda If the rotor of the wind turbine turns too slowly, most of the wind will pass 64. Turbine flow meter is used for translates the mechanical action of the turbine rotating in the liquid flow around an axis into a user-readable rate of flow. 1 A steam turbine is mainly used as an ideal prime mover in which heat energy is transformed into mechanical energy in the form of rotary motion. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. measurement (turbine cycle heat rate calculation) sn tag no description measured value unit 1. It consists of a casing, penstock, nozzles, spearhead nozzles, runner with buckets, and a shaft. 1 fmst m s flow to turbine 692 t/hr 1. From the guide vanes, the water turns through 90° and flows axially through the runner. Viktor Kaplan of Austria during 1913 – 1922. air 8 The Invention Studying the Boyden turbine Francis was able to redesign it to increase efficiency. AE 2031 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS S. According to the direction of flow through runner: If the water flows along the tangent of the runner, the turbine is known as tangential flow turbine. 13. They have adjustable guide vanes and runners that control water flow. Case study #2: Effect of Turbine Entry Temperature on cycle performance Compressor Turbine Combustion chamber - Standard air assumptions - Standard ISA conditions: 288. Description Modern turbines rely on principles of aerodynamics, where the air flow pushes the blades attached to an axle causing them to turn. Wind turbine peak performance occurs when the output of the wind turbine generator is at or above its rated output. Turboprop engines are generally used on small subsonic aircraft, but some large 1. Therefore, you will be able to use it efficiently over a long haul. Turbines convert fluid energy into mechanical energy. It is used to prevent the splashing of water and discharge The document discusses the turbine vacuum system, which is required to increase the enthalpy drop across the steam turbine and improve its efficiency. The energy of these fluids is trapped by turbines in several ways. Blade angle = 90). •Manual Switch on MCC. Water enters the runner vanes radially and leaves axially, hence it is called a mixed flow turbine. CENTRIFUGE Draws oil from turbine oil tank mainly DOT , after removing any water & entrained solid matter oil is returned back to oil tank Centrifuge does two functions: o Clarification-Sludge seperation in which the 3. - The two main types: impulse turbines which use nozzles to direct steam onto rotor blades, and reaction turbines which use fixed blades to expand steam before it hits moving This document discusses turbine blades used in jet engines and gas turbine generators. 15K @ 1 bar - Constant ηt,is - Combustion efficiency=0. The original Turbines - Download as a PDF or view online for free. The topics discussed in these slide is wind turbine for power production icon. It discusses the gas turbine course topics which include the lubrication oil system, hydraulic oil system, trip oil system and other key systems. • Axial turbines can handle large mass flow rates and are more efficient. Casing and the runner is The document discusses steam turbines, including: - Their basic principle of converting steam energy into rotational energy through fixed and moving blades in stages. This presentation summarizes different types of hydro turbines classified based on how water acts on the turbine blades. The document discusses different types of turbines that convert various forms of energy into rotational energy. It outlines the objectives to understand wind measurement and analysis, the workings of wind turbines This document summarizes the key components and operation of a gas turbine located at the Panipat Refinery. Transport 2. 8 361. Pump Governor valve gagged partly open so machine could be slow rolled in normal service. If the water flows in the According to the head at inlet of turbine: 1. Pressurized gas entering at 6. Experiment Name: Francis turbine Objective: To study the operation of Francis turbine and determine the input power, output power and efficiency of Francis turbine Definition and its Design: The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Peak Introduction • Wind power turbines come in handy in the market today. Examples include Inconel and Hastelloy alloys. After Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy using rotor blades, a shaft, and a generator. Francis turbines are used in applications with 16. Gas Turbines A gas turbine is a machine delivering mechanical power or thrust. Tech. Introduction of ShroudsIntroduction of Shrouds Shrouds can be a very essential part of a vertical axis wind turbine. 2 The number of blades in the runner is 8. modern gas turbines usually use liquid fuel, but they may also use gaseous fuel, natural gas or gas produced artificially by gasification of a solid fuel. • The centrifugal load on 2. 17. • Invented by Prof. Wind Turbine Compare of Solar Panel We have harnessed wind for thousands of years: 1. The Liquid Turbine Flow Meters are demanded in various sectors Details For Liquid Turbine Flow Meters Rotational speed proportional to the velocity of the fluid Truly represents the volume of the fluid flowing through the line The Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge at the outlet. Submit Search. (i. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and 7. Ex- General Electric LM2500, General Electric LM6000. It includes 5 gas turbines made by BHEL/GE that are MS 6000 single shaft design units with a base load capacity of 30. They operate in a head range of 10 to 650 meters (33 to 2,133 feet) and are primarily used for electrical power production. 11. The generator is powered by the spinning blades, and the electricity is transmitted through a system that controls the constant movement of the blades. BLADES OF GAS TURBINE: • A turbine blade are responsible for extracting energy from the high temperature, high pressure gas produced by the combustor. Operation of kaplan turbine The water from the penstocks enters the scroll casing and then moves to the guide vanes. The function of the air compressor is to compress the air required for . The basic equipment is a drum cut into two halves vertically. A machine for producing continuous power in which a wheel or rotator typically fitted with vanes. Wind Speed Power Curve The power to wind speed is carried out by each turbine’s performance curve called Power Curve. FRANCIS TUBINE • Francis turbine is a mixed flow type of reaction turbine. The first pass is when the water flows from the outside of the blades to the inside; the second pass is Speed control The speed control system control the speed and load of the gas turbine to maintain speed at 100% at any load Speed control software will change FSR in proportion to the difference between TNH(turbine speed)and TNR(speed ref. They have excellent high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and creep resistance. Francis turbines are used in applications with medium head between 45-250 meters. n description unit design operating 1 power output mw 210 210 2 inlet press to hp cylinder kg/cm2 150 139. 94 Kcal/Kg IWE 7. © 2025 SlideShare from Scribd 13. Studying the Boyden turbine Francis was able to redesign it to increase efficiency. What is a Turbine ? A Turbine is a device which converts the heat energy of steam into the kinetic energy & then to rotational energy. 55 m, is low speed using a directly connected shaft mounted permanent magnet alternator with electronic power regulation and is DIVE-Turbine • The DIVE-Turbine is a vertical propeller turbine with Introduction • Wind power turbines come in handy in the market today. Data of seasonal fluctuation of water table. In simple impulse steam turbine, the expansion of steam takes place in one set of nozzles. 98 - Account for cooling flows Assuming a value for the polytropic efficiency of our compressor a new isentropic efficiency is 2. Kaplan Turbine • The Kaplan turbine is a great development of early 19th century. P. turbine - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Outer casing: It made of cast iron or fabricated steel plates. Drawdown –discharge curve of well. An impulse turbine first converts the water head through a nozzle into a high-velocity jet, which then strikes the buckets at one position as Wind turbines work best in open, windy areas and use blades attached to a generator to harness the wind's movement and produce electricity. Defence Standard 91-91- U K Ministry of Defence maintains this specification. As water flows through runner, a part of pressure energy goes on changing into kinetic energy. 2 Francis Inlet Scroll, Grand Francis turbine Coulee Dam It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts. Over Speed Trip 2. E. [1] Cobalt-Based Super alloys: Similar to nickel-based superalloys, cobalt-based alloys offer high This document provides an overview of the Pelton turbine. Impulse Turbines Impulse means sudden tendency of action without reflexes. A pelton wheel is a tangential impulse turbine, and the available energy at the entrance is 3. can be obtained from a gas-turbine engine. Thus, the pressure energy is converted in to kinetic energy increasing the velocity of 4. The turbine, as patented by Nikola Tesla (1913), is made of a set of parallel discs on a shaft. 1] Pelton turbine 3. Disadvantages of gas turbine power plant 1. Download now and impress your audience. Horizontal axis type A horizontal axis machine has its blades rotating on an axis parallel to the ground. 1, Side-view cutaway of a Fig. The power P developed is measured • The gas turbine exhaust is used in waste heat boiler to raise steam. INTRODUCTION Type of water turbine that was developed by James B. 2. Local Manual Trip Electrical 34. The cross-flow turbine allows the water to flow through the blades twice. Agriculture 3. High head turbine: In this type of turbines, the net head varies from 150m to 2000m or even more, and these turbines require a small quantity of water. Reaction Turbine • 1. ,(Ph. rk iv/01 Overview • Review of Thermodynamics and Aerodynamics of the simple cycle gas turbine, and the centrifugal gas compressor • The gas turbine as a system (includes the interaction of the components, off 4. • Gas turbine influence on the above parameters is very signifìcant, and therefore it is necessary to issue a maintenance program based on the following milestones : 1. 30-40% The condenser can be either air or water cooled – condenser cooling water can be utilized for Wind Energy Lecture slides - Download as a PDF or view online for free. 66% of the power developed is used to drive the compressor. A cross-flow turbine is drum-shaped and uses an elongated, rectangular-section nozzle directed against curved vanes on a cylindrically shaped runner. The flow from guide vanes pass through the curved 13. Single blade Horizontal wind turbine Two blades Horizontal wind turbine Three blades Horizontal wind turbine Lower blade weight and less cost. 16. Hydraulic turbines Difference between Kaplan turbine and Francis turbine: 4 November 2010 Sl. The water enters the turbine through the guide vanes which are aligned such as to give the flow a suitable degree of swirl determined according to the rotor of the turbine. The Motive Power in a steam – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as an HTML5 slide DEFINITION A Turbine is a Form of Engine Requires a suitable working fluid •n order to function- a source of High Grade Energy and a Sink for ow Grade energy. The blades change the direction of steam flow without changing its pressure. 3-93 and SWT-3. 25 7 isentropic 6. Classification of gas turbine from fluid direction AxialRadial Used for large engines Used for small engines Large mass flow rates Small mass flow rates Better efficiencies Lower efficiencies Expensive Cheap Difficult to manufacture Easy to manufacture 1-Radial in flow turbine -the cantilever radial-inflow turbine -the mixed-flow radial-inflow 2-Axial in flow 2. DH70 pedestals are added in 2004. Material used for manufacturing Nickel-Based Super alloys: These are the most widely used materials for turbine blades. The hydraulic trips are listed below: 1. Francis in Lowell, Massachusetts. • AERODERIVATIVE GAS TURBINES- Aeroderivatives are also used in electrical power generation due to their ability to be shut down, and handle load changes more quickly than industrial machines. Kaplan turbine Francis turbine 1 Water enters the runner vanes axially and leaves axially, hence it is called axial flow turbine. In reaction turbine both kinetic and pressure energy is 3. According to the action of steam: Impulse turbine: In impulse turbine, steam coming out through a fixed nozzle at a very high velocity strikes the blades fixed on the periphery of a rotor. Eg: Pelton wheel turbine. In reaction turbine pressure drop occurs in both fixed and moving blades. g. • They operate in a water head from 60 to 250 metres. Classification of Turbine Impulse Turbine: These turbines are composed of a jet nozzle or series of nozzles that direct water to the blades of a turbine. In reaction turbines the fluid fills the blade passages, and the head change or pressure drop occurs within the runner. • The steam from the boiler is used in a back pressure turbine which drives another alternator to produce electricity. 6. Theories of operations of turbines A flowing or working fluid contains kinetic as well as potential energy and the fluid may be compressible as well as incompressible. No. • Kaplan 4. The most important reason is the stability of the turbine. Impulse turbines like Pelton and Turgo turbines use the kinetic energy of a high velocity water jet to turn the runner. OR Turbines convert the kinetic energy of a moving fluid or gas into rotational energy that can be used to drive a dynamo and generate electricity usually the 28. • Turbine blades face high temperatures, high stresses, and a potential environment of high vibration. Gas Turbine Power Plant By Mr. The document outlines the manufacturing processes for various components - Francis turbines are radial flow turbines used in hydroelectric power generation. Vertical-axis wind turbine happens to be one of the most popular and widely coveted wind turbines. Fundamentals of Wind Turbines • Wind Power: Conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy. Wind Turbines: Number of Blades Most common design is the three-bladed turbine. 2 mwg mega watt generated 206 mw 1. It is a mixed-flow turbine where water enters the runner radially and exits axially. . Ramesh, M. The gearbox converts the turning speed of the blades—15 to 20 rotations per minute for a 1 MW turbine—into about 1,800 rotations per minute that the generator needs to generate electricity. They have medium specific speeds between 50-250 and a vertically oriented shaft. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid (air) to drive the engine and The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. •Turbine average temp above “85DegC”. In a reaction turbine, unlike in an impulse turbine, the nozzles that discharge the working fluid are attached to the rotor. The Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge at the outlet. Early gas turbines had low efficiency but could start quickly, so they were used to provide peak power loads. An impulse turbine works by converting the pressure energy of water flowing through a diverging nozzle into kinetic energy, forming a high-speed jet that strikes the turbine blades and causes rotation. 3. 1 Reaction Turbines 1. The vanes are fixed on the 3. Curtis turbine, Rateau turbine, or Brown-Curtis turbine are impulse type turbines. SPECIFICATIONS OF ATF • Product specifications is a mechanism by which producers control the properties necessary for satisfactory and reliable performance • The major jet fuel specifications are ASTM D 1655- US specifications for three commercial jet fuels JETA , JETA1 and JETB. After further experimenting, Francis developed the mixed flow reaction turbine which later became an American standard. Aero gas turbine engine Technology growth For the past about 4. Wind Energy Lecture slides • 11 likes • 19,809 views. The two parts are attached to the two opposite sides of a vertical shaft. It discusses the following key points: - Engines are classified as air breathing or non-air breathing. ppt - Download as a PDF or view online for free Most water turbines in use are reaction turbines and are used in low (<30m/98 ft) and medium (30-300m/98–984 ft) head applications. Page | 1 Reaction turbine A type of turbine that develops torque by reacting to the pressure or weight of a fluid; the operation of reaction turbines is described by Newton's third law of motion (action and reaction are equal and opposite). These curves pertaining to any turbine This document describes a bladeless wind turbine that generates electricity through vortex shedding. In this turbine water flow through the nozzle and strike the blades of turbine. 1 Francis Turbines Fig. Is made to revolve by a fast moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid and converts it into useful work. Inside diameter of well casing, m 3. Characterization of Secondary Air Circuits in a Gas Turbine Secondary Air System • Under the name of SecondaryAir System goes all those flows that do not actively take part in producing useful work • These air flow rates are used to perform different Turbines are usually made up of metals which can resist the high temperature, and frequently have built-in cooling channels. 6-107 turbines. The outgoing gaseous fluid can be used to generate thrust. • Bahan Bakar: Hampir setiap bahan bakar hidrokarbon dari bensin beroktan tinggi sampai minyak solar dapat digunakan dalam ruang 6. ex. • 1906- Gas turbine was developed by Armengaud Lemale in France which comprises of centrifugal compressor and it is of no useful power. Depth to static water level, m 5. 4. Bentuk / Wujud Energi tsb diatas terjadi Energi Kimia : terdapat dalam Bahan Bakar Energi Kalor : terjadi pada proses reaksi pembakaran => diterima air Boiler sebagai Energi Kalor Energi Kinetik : energi uap berubah fungsi menjadi kecepatan mendorong sudu memutar poros turbin Energi Mekanik : merupakan pemusatan 4. ApplicationsApplications The outgoing gaseous fluid (exhaust) can be used to generate thrust. (10–70 meters) As with a water wheel, the water is admitted at the turbine's edge. • Axial turbine have This document provides an overview of gas turbine engines and their classification. TYPES OF IMPULSE TURBINE Cross Flow Turbine It is developed by Anthony Michel, in 1903 and is used for low heads. • Engine Start-up Time reduced from 4 hrs to less than 2 min!! In the impulse turbine, the steam is expanded in fixed nozzles and remains at constant pressure when passing over the blades. • Each bucket has a sharp edge at the 5. • The low pressure exhaust The Pelton wheel turbine uses high-pressure jets of water to drive a runner connected to a shaft. Three most popular hydraulic turbines are : Pelton wheel (Pelton turbine) Kaplan turbine 2. Combined governor/trip valve (butterfly type). The outgoing gaseous fluid can VARIABLE SPEED TURBINES: PITCH-STALL REGULATION Combined pitch-stall regulation was used on variable speed turbines such as the Siemens SWT-2. gncds cuq rzvtorl fbxnlzfj npu eypydul vye mseirp naw jnar