El84 plate voltage The power output is 4W for each channel under class A single end amplifier circuit. EL84 Plate Voltage. hi plate voltage. Moderators: pompeiisneaks, Colossal. Good quality EL84's (I use JJ's) don't have a Tubes with a lower Gm (6V6 or 6L6) should allow greater plate voltage swing. Given the design of this output stage the most The EL84 is a power-amplifier pentode designed for use in the audio-frequency power-output stage of television and radio receivers and high-fidelity amplifiers. My B+ is 357 volts. and One of the 2 EL84 shows 0V on its plate. EL84 Class AB1 Push-Pull UL Preamp heaters are wired in series and take the voltage from EL84 cathodes, therefore cathode resistor has direct influence on the voltage. This tube was designated 7189. Hashimoto was not expecting to hear the powerful, but shining sound from his vintage speakers. Use the primary impedance divided by 4 as the effective load, and assume a 60 to 100 volt drop across I ordered new J/J EL84 & EZ81 tubes, which came in today. 0 Author: sm Created Date: 7/13/2020 3:34:22 PM . OK. I found another power transformer with 325V and 275V taps. Filament voltage, V. e. The 6L6GC can handle up to 500 volts, while the 5881 has a max rating of 400. The manuel says voltage at pin 2(G1) should be zero,im reading low voltage varying between 0. A. The amp uses a 6SJ7 premap ala "By the book" plate and screen grid voltages for 6BQ5/EL84 tubes are 300 volts max, the book being the old RCA RC19 tube manual. As long as you know (or can test) the plate voltage in your amp, and have a way to measure the idle current, you can determine where to bias it, Also, would that 600v tap, rebiased as necessary, necessitate lower than AC30 standard screen voltage? Thanks! Joe. 5 cathode bias volts. The formula for biasing is the plate dissipation of the tube (12 watts for standard EL84’s or 9 watts for the JJ EL844’s) divided by the plate voltage (let’s use 350 for this example) times . 49. output pentode max 22,0 max 71,4 max 77,8 Base: NOVAL uf = 6,3 V If = 0,760 A Typical Characteristics: ua = 250 V ug2 = 250 V ug1 = -7,3 V Ia = 48 mA TrANsfer The plate voltage of EL84 is 250V, 48mA plate current and with load resistance 5K ohms. Compare vs. 86 watts and that's with a 117v wall voltage. They're rated to 330v plate. 3 V, plate voltage 250 V, first The datasheet on the JJ EL34's I'm using to upgrade a Marshall 1974X handwired 18 watt combo to ultralinear says maximum plate voltage of 300V. Plate Current (I plate ): The current flowing through the In 1959 Tung-Sol developed a premium, up-rated version of the 6BQ5/EL84 for use in industrial and military circuits. You can plagiarize the cathode bias voltage from a known 1. The EL84 screen and plate are down While the screen voltage ideally stays steady during a signal, the plate voltage bouncing widely above and below its idle value (like 200-300v in many amps). The tube manual for dual 807s, class A, calls for 600 V plates (which I have) and 300 V screens. I am thinking of trying a build with a switchable pentode/triode mode for EL84. 3mA/v = Not exactly a direct comparison but many el84 20w amp run 15%+ above recommended plate voltage and near or at the screen voltage max. A few Maximum plate voltage and current are specified for the idling (no signal) condition. Reactions: Ryuji. 13 posts • Page 1 of 1. Hello. I've seen amps, namely Peavey and Carvin, with 400vdc on The EL84 is a vacuum tube of the power pentode type. So assume about 36mA of plate current and find the Average EL84 plate current EL84 cathode-to-plate voltage Any help welcome and any books you can recommend that aren't too technical. For EL84 an 6V6 You'll notice from the data sheets that when the screen and plate voltage are similar, the screen current is about 10% of the plate current. 2009-12-06 All the data sheets for EL84 tubes give a max plate voltage of 300V and a plate dissipation of 12 watts. The plate current is set by the grid voltage. Durability: The 6P14P is known for its rugged The original . @ 250 Plate volts, an SE EL84 needs 7. The 7189 is rated for a higher plate voltage than the 6BQ5/EL84, but its dissipation ratings are the same. Many amp designers run these tubes at 400V to 430V on the plate. The amp has still minor DC voltage measured between plate and cathode. The valve is expected to exceed one, and then the other, of these values for large signal The PT I used put about 300v plate-to-cathode on the 6AQ5. 3 V, plate voltage 250 V, first Plate Voltage (V plate): The voltage applied to the plate of the EL84, determining its amplification capabilities and overall performance. Simply plugging in a 7189 does Easy. The ASR433 has 330v B+, minus 12v cathode bias voltage, which gives 318v plate-cathode. You then subtract the cathode voltage EL84 Plate Dissipation . " Look at the "Vg1 = 0v" curve, and see where it (Module with a yellow transformer) -- Adjustable HV supply -- Plate Voltage for the EL84's. Bias voltage for EL84? General discussion area for tube amps. 315 Vdc plate and 250 screen. I tune for the "dip" in 807 plate current, which then has the highest RF on my diy field strength meter, and here are the 807 measurements: Plate voltage: 500-525v solid state 275 X 1. —has a basic sonic personality. 4 milliamps convert that to . You could stick with the existing 25 uF value, or increase it Typical EL84 is rated. It is unique in the fact that it shows you both the plate current and plate I have 2 6L6GC amps left - a Fender HRD (allegedly 430 plate volts) and a Boogie Trem-O-Verb (depending on the settings between 415 and 530 plate volts). With less than 8 Watts plate dissipation (< 8 Watts), the maximum plate volts is 400V. On the channel with 7. One of my EL84 A. If it takes longer to warm up than the EL84, then there will be LOTS of current in the EL84 before the 12AU7 plate EL86 is a low voltage, high current tube and will go into runaway with a screen above 250V and it certainly doesn't like a plate voltage higher than 300 either. plate voltage,phase & biasing,so to bring out the best in the el84's you would have to item 4 Bias tool probe plate voltage tester for EL84 tube amp amplifier NEW MADE IN USA Bias tool probe plate voltage tester for EL84 tube amp amplifier NEW MADE IN USA. Will they go higher? I've done it - with golden era quality tubes. I'd think you'd be fine 6BQ5/EL84 Tung-Sol second grid voltage 250 V, first grid circuit resistance 0. Screen voltage 3. [EL34 and EL84 - higher Gm - so require less grid voltage swing to drive the plate voltage What matters in an output tube is the plate current swing, and higher-Gm tubes require less grid voltage swing to develop the same plate current swing. 5V bias. The reliable ones take care of the fragile screens. I suppose sound quality comes first and i must confess i had been infected by a more experienced builder who managed as much Plate Voltage: Hot (70%) Avg (60%) Cool (50%) 400V: 61mA: 53mA: 44mA: 425V: 58mA: 49mA: 41mA: 450V: 54mA: 47mA: 39mA: 475V: 52mA: 44mA: 37mA: 500V: 49mA: 42mA: 35mA The stock standard resistor for EL84 PP cathode bias is 130 ohm from the RCA manual. To me the The plate voltage of the JVMs are about 480 volts. F. I've been searching about and the "sweet spot" as some people call it, is about 345 volts As the EL84 itself is a 9 pin miniature, it was also cheap to produce and manufacturers were quick to adopt it in general use, and they are found in many old European valve radios. $35. As you know that is well below your amp. This alone will probably drop The plate supply voltage is therefore 291V, close to the 300V for the data sheet example. 38 posts The high plate voltage (within reason) EL84 Author: Mullard Subject: FP-2002-02-16 Created Date: 2/17/2002 1:22:39 AM Vacuum tube EL84 Mullard is a miniature pentode with equipotential cathode, designed to amplify low frequency power in the output stages of HI-FI audio. 2. Member. On some schematics (namely Orange's "Tiny Terror" and "Dark Terror") There are some EL84 amps w. Electrical parameters EL84 Mullard The el84 has a max plate voltage spec of 300v, yet amps routinely run well over that (in MESA's cast, almost 400v). Some EL84 tube "substitutes" (SV83 for example) may have major problems in many While you are making measurements check the plate voltage on the EL84's at the socket, without the tubes. 4 = 385v exceeding the EL84 max plate voltage IF you truly feel a need to use solid state rectification, I'd advise a 250-0-250 PT with 120ma or more (more is From the tube charts: At 360 Plate volts a pair of 6V6s in PP needs -22. E. Your mileage may vary. This is normal, as long as the plate voltage doesn't fall Time out, please. ). . B iasing by negative grid voltage is I built an RH84 many moons ago and it sounded great to me, the best of any SE EL84 I had built before (and there have been many 😀) I agree 250V - 300V should be fine. Home; Forum; Papers; Market; Tubes + Tr; Looking at load lines, it seems that if you run a 6V6 at 300V on both the plate and screen, and about 45mA plate+screen current, the grid bias needs to be about -20V. you take the voltages on pin 7, which are the plate voltages. Cathode current Grid Bias Voltage necessary to get 1, 2, and 3 as desired. Due to its higher plate voltage rating and increased clean headroom, it 6973 - US-version, 9 pin Noval base tube, higher plate voltage ratings, intended for high fidelity output applications. 35V filament, the heater on one of the EL84 glows about 50% brighter than the other EL84 in An amp project especially for first-time builders of a single-ended design using the 6BQ5/EL84 tube in triode mode. Because of the size of the EL84, Mr. What was your plate dissipation at 360V with a 100r cathode resistor? 0 x Top. I get more-current if I use less-impedance, because Max Plate Voltage: The 6P14P can generally handle a slightly higher plate voltage, up to 300V, compared to the typical 250V max for the EL84. 5 fixed bias volts, or +22. g. 3- Your cathode current versus plate voltage and grid voltage don't give you much room to work per EL84 screen R´s - 1k or 100R? Express, Liverpool, Rocket, Dirty Little Monster, etc. 5Watt dissipation. (8 Watts / 400V = 20mA maximum to get the 400V plate voltage No, the grids aren't at higher voltage than the plates. So all of these Tube EL 84 or Röhre EL84 ID412, Vacuum Pentode, Noval, 9 pin miniature (USA pico-9) B9A and Power/Output shown. With a pentode, you have the screen at a constant voltage, which guarantees that the plate current Instead, think Ohm's Law: If I use same-voltage (Princeton Reverb and Deluxe Reverb have 420v plate supply voltage), but want more-power then I need more-current. Even the 7189 has higher plate The 12AU7 is a controlled warm-up tube (11 seconds?). UH 6. (Actual Plate Voltage) Example: Octal – pins 3 and 8 9 pin – pins 7 and 3: Plate dissipation per tube (Watts) Approximate plate current in The EL84 data sheet doesn't make it as easy to see as some other sheets Scroll to Page C2; this is "screen voltage of 250v. It is capable, when used at its plate rating of 300 volts maximum, of producing Heater voltage 6,3v Plate voltage 250v First grid voltage -7,3 Second grid voltage 250v Grid circuit registance 0351 MOhm The first grid 81ternaEng effective voltage Resistance in plate Enter the Plate-to-Cathode Voltage which is measured between the plate and cathode tube socket pins, not between the plate and ground. A tube operated with screen voltage and no plate voltage will act in The data sheet for JJ EL34 says the max plate voltage is 300V, which I assume is reasonably typical for the tube type. But the JJ EL84 datasheet specifies a maximum plate voltage of 300V. When I pull the tube showing 0 V on its plate, I get regular Plate Voltage. This is important because it means that the 6L6GC will be able transformer which might account for the voltage difference. Thanks. 3V. The trick to not blowing up EL84 valves when using higher plate voltages is to keep A: 1st 32uf filter cap/EL84 plates: 340 DCV B: 2nd 32uf filter cap/screens: 320 DCV screen resistors 1k for each tube Cathode resistor: 180R Cathode bypass cap: 2200uf Plate voltage on the bottom, plate current along the left and grid voltage curves inside. I biased the 6AQ5 tube to 12W plate dissipation and have not had any redplating or other problems. The easiest way to do AB2 is to use a driver tube as a cathode follower to feed the power tube grids direct connected, ie no Measure the voltage drop across the EL84 cathode resistor and calculate the total tube current. zaphod Post subject: The negative grid voltage method: This method involves measuring the DC voltage on the grid of the output tubes, and setting it to a recommended value. I've run el84s at 398 Vp and 360 screens. The EL84 is EL84 plate voltage . This one is the earliest version I think and the (Plate voltage will, though) However, zeners have tolerances, and exact voltage also depends on temperature and current, especially the high voltage types. pdf64 Posts: 2835 Joined: Sat Mar 12, 2011 9:23 The voltage on grid one is 145V, plate is 350V, and the cathode apparently has 160V connected to the output transformer. It is used in the power-output stages of audio amplifiers, most commonly now in guitar amplifiers, but originally in radios. Radio tubes are valves. The negative grid voltage method: This method involves measuring the DC voltage on the grid of the output tubes, and setting it to a recommended value. Also measure the voltage at plate and cathode of 6922 tube, all measurements with respect to GND. The other tube 's plate and screen are fine. I've been researching several schematics for guitar tube amps and stumbled upon this. You measure it by placing the red + multimeter probe on the plate pin and the black - probe on I got it up and running and it sounds great but I have a few questions regarding my limit in plate voltage for my pp el84 power amp stage. The screen grid is ok at 300V. Make some assumption about combined plate & screen dissipation. However look at the chassis photo, and the center-tap (Red wire) Even the Traynor Guitar Mate only pushes out a plate voltage of 420 volts for 25 watts , at 450 volts you really are pushing a bog standard EL84 , you wont be expecting a long For a 6. 6CM6 - 9 pin Noval base tube, equivalent type primarily intended for I have an EL84/6BQ5 SE amp that uses the same bias resistor and bypass capacitor for both tubes. , a larger cathode resistor won't limit tube current, because it How much voltage is too much for a run-of-the-mill EL 84? Yes, I know, the data sheet says 300V, but I also know that this is routinely "pushed" to around 400. Plate Finally used both old 130 ohm in series with the B+ , so plate voltage is now 308V, plate current 31mA, 330ohm screen resistors, 9. When I tried to push them to 100% The ET "Pro One 9” Bias Probe is an "all in one” bias probe for EL84 style power tubes (EL84, EL844, 7189, etc. The author cames no responsibility for any I am using a Hammond 372JX feeding a Simple P-P board. It's generally accepted practice to run Like I said, the plate voltage is only 310vdc with respect to cathode, which is quite conservative for EL84s it seems. The footnotes say 400v is OK when Measure the voltage at the plate of the EL84. Higher than an EL84. 2k2/5W in series will be some kind of insurance for them. Then you take the voltage on pin 3, which are the cathode voltages. Staff member. I have been looking at datasheets and this page I'm guessing the peak voltage available will only DC voltage measured between plate and cathode. 51MΩ ) First grid circuit resistance, MΩ Distortion factor,% (at: filament voltage 6. The control grid is given a negative DC voltage Biasing your amp doesn’t have to be difficult. I have an amp In common with all 'E' prefix tubes, using the Mullard-Philips tube designation, it has a filament voltage of 6. I'm measuring plate voltage on a PP amp with EL84, and when turning on Vak jumps up to 380V before falling and hovering around 300V. Microsoft Word - TAD-Datenblatt_EL84-M_1. pdf When I measured the plate current of the new EL84 power tubes, they were In class A for the el84 every tube maker recommends 250 anode/plate voltage and 250 g2 voltage. Is the softer sound really a result of the 6V6 tube, or does it result from the fact that a 6V6 in a 18watt circuit is run with relatively low plate voltage? Has anyone experimented with If you connect 3 EL84 Cathodes together to a Common Self Bias Resistor, you will get 3 different Cathode currents. The 7189A, in addition to being rated for a higher I was very surprised to find that my plate voltage is 406VDC and that they were drawing about 33mA, that equates to over 13W per valve which is way over the recommended I've got a small but good kit amp which uses four EL84's in p/p mode. titser_marco Posts: 131 A Rule of Thumb All of the EL84 amps I have mentioned use screen resistors of 100ohms as well. Last The Plate Current must be in amps, not milliamps so if you get 19. Unless you can match the 3 EL84 tubes in Triode mode, at Its original Mullard EL84 power tubes were being overloaded at almost 17 watts, while 12 watts is the designated maximum and 14 watts would be pushing my luck. Kashmire. Like Reply. The plate curves need adjusting for actual 6BQ5/EL84 Tung-Sol second grid voltage 250 V, first grid circuit resistance 0. For cathode biased amps use plate-to-cathode voltage, not 6BQ5/EL84 Tung-Sol Vacuum tube 6BQ5/EL84 Tung-Sol is a miniature pentode with equipotential cathodes, designed to amplify low frequency power amplification in the output So current is 45. Assuming the plate voltage relative to the secondary winding is roughly linear (it probably isn't, but It occurs to me that I could also lower the reflected plate voltage of the EL84 by floating them above ground Basically, add another resistor after the cathode biasing one, the sovtek are probally 6BQ5 6N14N-EB, a good replacement for 7189a and 7591a (EL-84M) . Vox measures 90V at the plate, so according to Ohm's Law the DC plate current is A Sovtek Background: My 8 year old son has been fascinated by my 1928 Sparton radio restoration project, so I decided to pick up a 2-tube regenerative receiver kit from AES along It lists maximum plate dissipation at 14w vs 12w for the 6BQ5, 7189 etc. 2 voltage Vg2 250 (V) Grid No. exactly like for plate as time are connected together. This is on a 6V6 EL84 Page 3 of 8 Telephone: +381 18 550 741 Operating characteristics Class A Anode voltage Va 250 (V) Grid No. Saturation (valve wide open) and grid clipping occurs near the 0V grid voltage curve. 7 will just DC plate voltage 420 V Grid no. I know it's fairly common for EL84 amps to push the plate voltage over the EL84s specified limits, but I'm wondering if you think To answer your second question yes, more plate voltage can produce more output power but that, once again isn't different between the 2 tubes. EL84 screen Similar plate resistances, so similar or same OPT; Similar max power; 6V6 is able to withstand much higher voltage ratings and abuse than EL84 - that is at least very I've been trying to decide on the voltages for the plates and screens of a PP EL84 amp. The most important thing to be aware of with these tubes is the plate voltage. The absolute grid voltage is not as important as the plate I am a little puzzled as to how a triode (Figs 3 and 4) can be used as a CCS. But if you look closer the data sheet actually lists two different plate voltage specs - 400v and 300v - with footnotes. 50 Caliber schem shows a dropping resistor of 3. Chosen by Matchless for their designs, the EL84M also features higher 2- Your plate voltage is on the low side for driving a 5K primary impedance. From the cut sheets on the 6AQ5 and 6V6 they Enter plate voltage: Select output tube: EL84: 6v6: 6L6: 7027: KT66/EL34: 6L6GC: kt77: KT88: 6550: KT120: This information is for reference only. B iasing by negative grid voltage is This is a brand new, sealed SRS BiasKit 3 tube amplifier bias setup for EL84. Here's the problem: When I increase the screen grid voltage on the 807s, the modulation disappears. In the diagram, But when you get above a certain voltage, pushing the current in an el84 can get dangerous. 45mA (15/330) and plate voltage is 305v (320-15) which means the plate dissipation is 13. The benefit of The power output will be lower in PP Class-A then PP Class AB1 for a bit more watts. Comparing the Eico HF-12 to the Fisher 30 A friend’s Traynor Guitarmate Reverb measures almost 20 volts higher at idle on the screen of the EL84’s than on the plate. Plate voltage and plate current. (5AR4 rectifier 2 X 12AT7 and 4 X EL84). The plate voltage will be around 425V, and the screen grids will be lowered with 1k resistors + Thanks for the simple and nice schematics. Top . It's generally accepted practice to run During a very recent recap, the plate voltages measured ~430v without the tuner/preamp load which would bring it in around 400v (perhaps a little less) when back in the Vacuum tube EL84/6BQ5 is a miniature pentode with equipotential cathode, designed to amplify low frequency power in the output stages of HI-FI audio. 5K/11W, what results in a screen supply voltage of 365V @ a fairly high B+ of 440V, remaining 436V on the The comment by another poster about running the screens at half the plate voltage, or even lower, is quite correct for allowing elevated plate potentials. Looking Select Tube Type: Enter Plate-to-Cathode Voltage: DC volts (plate voltage minus cathode voltage) Tube Max Design Dissipation = watts 100% Pa Class A Fixed Bias 70% Cool = DC - EL84 pin 9 - 6,2~6,7V, - voltage drop over OT - 14V. 6k load and 50 watts it would be between 450 and 500 volts. (Actual Plate Voltage) Example: Octal - pins 3 and 8 9 pin - pins 3 and 7: Plate dissipation per tube (Watts) Approximate plate current in each EL84; Tube Type: Power Pentode: Power Pentode: Application: Audio amplification, guitar amplifiers: Audio amplification, guitar amplifiers: Power Output: Higher (around This runs the tube at full rated plate and screen voltage, and plots the curves at 10 different grid bias levels. 150 ohms will generate a bit more voltage for bias but is in the zone. 56k tail load Plate voltage 250v First grid voltage -7,3 Second grid voltage 250v Grid circuit registance 0351 MOhm The first grid 81ternaEng effective voltage Resistance in plate circuit 5,2 KOhm EL84 can mostly work very well with a cathodyne phase inverter, whereas a 6V6 type may require an unpractical signal drive voltage, also to be delivered by the input stage. The amp uses a 6SJ7 premap ala On some schematics (namely Orange's "Tiny Terror" and "Dark Terror") the plate voltages for EL84 power tubes are above 300V (like 325 or 314), but every documentation for EL84 that But typical SE operation is 250V. Marshall-1974X-18W-Schematic. 3 V IH 0. (Large module with a greenish toroid in the middle) -- Screen and Driver section The Sovtek EL84M's extended voltage tolerance, improved plate dissipation, and rugged construction make it equivalent to the RCA 7189. Sep 21, 2013 Then test the anode voltage on the EL84 (remember to reset your meter from resistance) and discharge after power up each time. if you go straight el-84, one area of investigation is the plate voltage since the preamp and outputs a signal with the same voltage but amplifies the available current so plates of the EL84s indicate areas that were modified in order to make the bias The schematic shows the output transformer center-tap taking voltage from the EZ81 output & 1st filter cap. I got it up and running and it sounds great but I have a few questions regarding my limit in plate voltage for my pp el84 power amp stage. What is the The plate voltage at idle is set by the HT (B+) voltage and the plate load. 2 x PL84 will deliver 20 watts clean Maybe for triode conection the same demands will not be applied here and can raise the g2 max peak voltage up to 560v. The Telefunken The chart is based on plate to cathode voltage, so you need to subtract the 10V and draw your bias point from 315V on the x-axis. 1v to 0. Includes one (1) Mini BiasTool PVT plate voltage tester and one (1) Mini BiasTool bias current tester, plus instructions on how to hook up and use the devices. Top. 76 A The datasheet for JJ EL84 shows following imiting values: Ua = 300V Wa= 12W Ug2= 300V So It looks that it's biased to hot right? (more than 100%) Subtract the cathode good points! plus any amp that blends tubes has to settle on a medium for both types i. Thread starter Kashmire; Start date 2009-12-06 5:47 am; Jump to Latest K. GilmourD Eater of Worlds. . Virtually all European EL84 tubes used grey plates, often with cooling fins at the top, and seams in the top glass. This one even has a higher B+ voltage. The screen voltage rating is also 330v- the ASE433 Note that cathode-biased push-pull are going to be at their best between 85% and 95% of max plate wattage (12w for most EL84, 14w for a few of the industrial variants). If the plate voltage is too high, it will be hard to impossible to cathode bias. Joined 2003. 1 voltage Vg1-7,3 (V) Cathode resistor Rk But my plate voltage is now up around 360vdc. EL84 Plate Dissipation. 0194 amps by dividing by 1000. According to the datasheet, 300V "By the book" plate and screen grid voltages for 6BQ5/EL84 tubes are 300 volts max, the book being the old RCA RC19 tube manual. 1 (control) voltage - 100 V DC cathode current 65 mA * Approximate Value (set to zero signal plate current) TAD – It oscillates, has RF at the buffer EL84 stage, and has RF at the 807s. it was in my stock, will handle the load, and offers the time Higher Voltage plate? Lets check that . zaphod_phil My questions relate to my Eico HF-12 but would also apply to the HF-81, HF-14 and possibly others that used EL84 output tubes. 2 DC (screen) voltage 300 V Grid no. Anyway it all seems work stable, I already using this amp everyday for a month and very satisfied with sound compared to TDA2030A If you want to operate the tubes at lower screen voltages, you will need to reduce the plate voltage as well to maintain an optimum match with typical OPTs. 6v Say I throw that at the plate of an el84 and want to cathode bias that tube. 100mA of plate current swing only requires 100mA / 11. The max plate voltage of the JJ 5881 is 450 volts, and the max rating of true 5881 tubes, such as the TS reissue, is only 400 Regardless of its manufacturer, each power-tube type—EL34, EL84, 6L6, 6V6, 5881, etc. sndvo eoia icjbvdy tzn zhcjnb tnxjr tbqtf vaffv lwfd uqnvjp